Summary of evidence for a role of vitamin D in risk of disease incidence or death for 118 diseases or conditions.

William B. Grant, Ph.D.

Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC)

P.O. Box 641603

San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA                     

www.sunarc.org           

Table 1. Evidence by disease. Abbreviations:

Status: D, draft; (d), started, R, reviewed; S, submitted; ?, will omit during first round; PubM T&A as of Feb. 11, 2011, updated August 8, pubmed.gov, words in title and/or abstract; ecol, ecological studies, obser, observational studies, RCT, randomized controlled trial (or used in treatment with positive results); mod, moderate; assoc, effects of low vitamin D due to comorbid diseases or treatment.

Disease	Status	PubM 2-11	PM 8-8	Ecol	Obser	RCT	Strong	Mod	Weak	Assoc
Acne	D	14	15							X
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	S	7	7						X
Anaphylaxis, food allergy	RS	7	8	X	X			X
Anemia	S	150	165		X	X	X
Ankylosing spondylitis	D	22	22							X
Anxiety	D	26	30						X
Asthma	RS	106	134		X	X		X
Atopic dermatitis, eczema	S	23	24		X	X		X
Atherosclerosis	S	142	158		X		X
Autism	RS	18	21	X	X		X
Bacterial vaginosis	S	5	7		X		X
Benign prostate hyperplasia	D	14	12		X				X
Biliary cirrhosis, primary (PBC)	D	99	101	X				X
Birth defects	?	6	6						X

Disease		PubM 2-11	PM* 8-8	Ecol	Obser	RCT	Strong	Mod	Weak	Assoc
15Bronchitis	?	2	2
Cancer	RS	2321	2485	X	X	X	X
Bladder	RS	43	21/43	X			X
Brain	D	17	0/19	X				X
Breast	RS	630	540/667	X			X
Cervical	S	17	9/18	X
Colon	S		228/339
20Colorectal	S	391	244	X			X
Endometrial	S	27	18/29	X			X
Esophageal	S	14	6/17	X			X
Eye (uveal)	?	10	3/8
Gallbladder	D	8	2/8	X			X
Gastric	RS	27	15/29	X			X
Head & neck			5/21
Hodgkin disease	S	27		X			X
Leukemia	S	301	306	X				X
Liver	?	55	3/59
Lymphoma			94
Lung	RS	91	56/99	X				X
32Melanoma	RS	145	166	X				X
Multiple myeloma	S	57	61		X				X
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	S	22	24	X			X
Non-melanoma skin	D	~70	16
Ovarian	RS	85	60/94	X			X
Pancreatic	RS	56	43/60	X				X
Prostate	S	650	577/688	X				X
Rectal	S		30/65
Renal	RS	120	6/121	X			X
Vulvar	?	1	0/2	X			X

* for cancer, the first number is a search using “vitamin D” and “breast cancer” while the second number is a search using “vitamin D”, “breast” and “cancer”

Disease		PubM 2-11	PM 8-8	Ecol	Obser	RCT	Strong	Mod	Weak	Assoc
42Cardiac arrhythmia	?	20	2
Cardiovascular (disease)	RS	839	979		X		X
Celiac disease	D	80	86							X
Chronic kidney failure	S	563	627		X		X
Chronic liver disease	D	51	51						X	X
Chronic, diffuse muscle pain	?	20	?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	RS	41	48		X			X
Cognitive impairment	RS	26	28		X			X
50Common cold	D					X		X
(Congestive) heart failure	RS	127	141		X			X
Coronary heart disease	RS	53	59		X		X
Craniotabes	D	19	20
Cystic fibrosis	D	102	106		X	X			X
Dementia	D	58	66						X
Dental caries	RS	36	36	X	X		X
Depression	S	150	163		X			X
Diabetes, type 1	S	196			X			X
Diabetes, type 2	S	904			X		X
Diabetes			1006
60Epilepsy	D	90	100		X				X	X
Fabry disease	?	3	3
Falls, fractures (under osteoporosis)	(d)	116	263		X	X	X
Fertility, regular menses	(d)	46	48		X			X		X
Fibromyalgia	S	19	23		X	X			X
Gaucher disease	?	6	6
Headache, tension	D	16	16		X			X
Hepatitis		83	92
HIV/AIDS	S	115	135	X	X	X		X
Hypercalcemia		1175	1205
70Hypertension	S	430	476	X	X	X		X
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis)	S	150	152	X	X		X			X
Influenza	RS	37	42	X	X	X	X
Insulin resistance		152	185		X	X	X
Kidney stones		43	44							X
Learning (disorders)	?	0	21
Leprosy	?	15	18
Lupus		114	125							X
Meningococcal dis., meningitis	S	0	4	X			X
Multiple sclerosis	RS	306	366		X		X
80Muscular weakness		146			X
Myopathy			84				X
Myositis	?	7	9
Neutropenia	?	9	9
Osteitis deformans	?	0	0
Osteoarthritis		101	105						X
Osteomalacia	D	1189	1198
Osteopenia		652	678
Osteoporosis	S	3302	3448		X	X	X
Paget’s bone disease	S	74	58		X	X		X
90Pancreatitis		36	39
Parkinson’s disease	RS	36	43		X			X
Pelvic floor status	?	2	2
Periodontal disease	RS	56	64		X			X
94Peripheral vascular disease	RS	9	12		X			X
Pneumonia	RS	30	37	X		X	X
Polycystic ovary syndrome	D	13	18		X	X	X
Preeclampsia	RS	29	38		X		X
Premature birth and low birth weight, birthweight		68	165
Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis	S	355	371			X		X
100Renal failure		803	822
Renal osteodystrophy		341	344
Respiratory tract infections	S		18
Rheumatoid arthritis		214	222		X					X
Rickets		2110	2155			X	X
Rosacea	S		6							X
Schizophrenia		68	73	X				X
Seasonal affective disorder	?	7	8
Sepsis/septicemia	RS	34	40	X	X		X
Sickle cell disease		17	20							X
110Spinal stenosis	?	6	6
Stroke	D	96	106		X			X
Systemic sclerosis	?	14	15
Thalassaemia		14	16
Thrombosis	?	31	32		X			X
Tonsillitis	S	2	2					X
Tuberculosis		243	259		X	X	X
Turner syndrome	?	5	5
118Vitiligo vulgaris	?	3	27							None
Total, D or S	73
Started	2
Left to complete	21
Omit in first round	22 (?)
Disease	118	PubM 2-11	PM 8-8	Ecol	Obser	RCT	Strong	Mod	Weak	Assoc

Status: D, draft; R, reviewed; S, submitted; PubM T&A as of Feb. 11, 2011, pubmed.gov, words in title and/or abstract; ecol, ecological studies, obser, observational studies, RCT, randomized controlled trial (or used in treatment with positive results); mod, moderate; assoc, effects of low vitamin D due to comorbid diseases or treatment